Infectious Disease Book

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Natural PenicillinAka: Penicillin, Benzathine, Bicillin

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  1. See Also
    1. Penicillin Allergy
  2. Penicillin Categories
    1. Natural Penicillins (see below)
      1. Penicillin G
      2. Procaine Penicillin G
      3. Penicillin V
      4. Benzathine
    2. Aminopenicillins
      1. Ampicillin or Amoxicillin
      2. Augmentin or Unasyn
    3. Extended Spectrum Penicillin
      1. Ticarcillin
      2. Piperacillin
      3. Carbenicillin
      4. Timentin
    4. Penicillinase-Resistant Semisynthetic Penicillin
      1. Cloxacillin
      2. Dicloxacillin
      3. Methicillin
      4. Nafcillin
      5. Oxacillin
  3. Mechanism of action
    1. Inhibits cell wall synthesis
  4. Penicillin Resistance mechanisms
    1. Bacterial Production of Beta lactamase
      1. Staphylococcus aureus
      2. Staphylococcus epidermidis
      3. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      4. Moraxella catarrhalis
    2. Bacterial Alteration in penicillin-binding proteins
      1. Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
  5. Activity Spectrum
    1. General Spectrum
      1. Gram Positive Cocci
      2. Gram Positive bacilli
      3. Spirochetes
      4. Gram Negative Coccobacilli
      5. Anaerobic Bacteria
    2. Penicillin drug of choice in:
      1. Gram Positive Cocci
        1. Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus Pyogenes)
        2. Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)
        3. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
      2. Spirochetes
        1. Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
  6. Dosing: Child
    1. Penicillin G
      1. Standard Dosing
        1. Penicillin G 100-150k U/Kg/day IV/IM divided q4-6h
      2. Group B Streptococcus or Meningitis
        1. Penicillin G 250k-300k U/Kg/day IV/IM divided q4h
      3. Haemophilus Influenzae Meningitis
        1. Penicillin G 400,000 units/kg/day IV divided q4h
    2. Benzathine Penicillin (Bicillin LA)
      1. Weight <27 kg: 0.3 to 0.6 Million Units IM for 1 dose
      2. Weight >27 kg: 0.9 to 1.2 Million Units IM for 1 dose
    3. Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K)
      1. Supplied: 125 or 250 mg/5ml elixir
      2. Dosing: 25-50 mg/kg/day divided qid
  7. Adverse Effects
    1. Anaphylaxis and other Hypersensitivity Reactions
    2. Nephritis
    3. Hyperkalemia
    4. Seizures

Penicillins (C0030842)

Definition (MSH)A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
Definition (CSP)group of natural or semisynthetic antibacterial antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group; they exert a bacteriocidal as well as bacteriostatic effect on susceptible bacteria by interfering with the final stages of the synthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan.
Definition (NCI)An antibiotic drug used to treat infection.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishPenicillin, Penicillin Antibiotic, Penicillin Antibiotics, Penicillins
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


benzathine (C0053153)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109)
Englishbenzathine
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Natural penicillin (C0304323)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishNatural penicillin
Spanishpenicilina natural
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Bicillin (C0729074)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishBicillin
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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