Infectious Disease Book

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First Generation CephalosporinsAka: Cephalexin, Cefazolin, Cefadroxil, Keflex, Duricef, Ancef

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  1. Indications
    1. Effective alternative to Penicillins
    2. Covers Gram Positive Cocci
    3. Clinical Conditions
      1. Skin and soft tissue infection
      2. Streptococcal Pharyngitis
      3. Not indicated for Otitis Media
  2. Activity Spectrum
    1. Good Gram Positive Cocci Coverage
      1. Streptococcus
      2. Staphylococcus
      3. Enterococcus
    2. Modest EKP Gram Negative Bacteria covered
      1. Escherichia coli
      2. Klebsiella
      3. Proteus
  3. Oral Preparations
    1. Directions
      1. May take with or without food
    2. Cephalexin (Keflex)
      1. Adult: 250 to 500 mg PO qid
      2. Child
        1. Otitis Media: 75 to 100 mg/kg/day divided qid
        2. Standard Dose: 25 to 50 mg/kg/day divided qid
    3. Cefadroxil (Duricef)
      1. Adult: 1 to 2 grams/day divided qd to bid
      2. Child: 30 mg/kg/day divided bid
  4. Parenteral: Cefazolin (Ancef)
    1. Adult: 0.5 to 1.5 grams IM or IV every 6-8 hours
    2. Child
      1. Standard: 25 to 50 mg/kg/day divided q6-8 hours
      2. Severe Infection: 100 mg/kg/day divided q6-8 hours
      3. Maximum: 2 grams per dose

Cefadroxil (C0007538)

Definition (MSH)Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.
Definition (NCI)A semi-synthetic, beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cefadroxil binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
English4 Hydroxycephalexin, Cefadroxil, CEFADROXIL PREPARATION, Cephadroxyl
Spanishcefadroxilo
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Cefazolin (C0007546)

Definition (MSH)A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.
Definition (NCI)A beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Cefazolin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishCefazolin, CEFAZOLIN PREPARATION, Cephazolin
Spanishcefazolina
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Cephalexin (C0007716)

Definition (MSH)A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Definition (NCI)An antibiotic drug that belongs to the family of drugs called cephalosporins.
Definition (PDQ)A beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cephalexin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to second and third generation cephalosporins, cephalexin is more active against gram-positive and less active against gram-negative organisms. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=43417&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=43417&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C356" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)A beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Cephalexin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Compared to second and third generation cephalosporins, cephalexin is more active against gram-positive and less active against gram-negative organisms.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishCefalexin, Cephalexin, CEPHALEXIN PREPARATION
Spanishcefalexina
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Keflex (C0700517)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishKeflex
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Ancef (C0700926)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishAncef
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Duricef (C0701890)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
EnglishDuricef
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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