Infectious Disease Book

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Meningococcal VaccineAka: Menactra, MCV4, Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine

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  1. See Also
    1. Menomune (MPSV4)
    2. Neisseria Meningitidis
    3. Bacterial Meningitis
  2. Indications: Routine Scheduled Vaccine for all teens in U.S. (Menactra)
    1. All 12 year olds
    2. Catch-up any 15-16 year olds if not immunized
  3. Indications: Risk Factors
    1. Underlying medical condition
      1. Functional Asplenia
      2. Terminal complement deficiency
      3. Properdin deficiency
      4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    2. Close living areas
      1. College students in dormitories
      2. Military recruits
    3. Travel to endemic areas
      1. Sub-Saharan Africa
      2. Himalayas
      3. Saudi Arabia (especially Mecca)
  4. Mechanism: Menactra (MCV4)
    1. Tetravalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine
    2. Covers strains A, C, W-135, Y (same as Menomune)
    3. Does not cover serotype B (same as Menomune)
      1. B accounts for 50% of infant cases
      2. B accounts for <20% of teen cases
      3. Reasons for not including serotype B in vaccine
        1. B has poor immunogenicity in vaccine
        2. Risk of cross-reactivity with neural tissue
    4. Preferred in most cases over MPSV4 (higher immunogenicity)
    5. Conjugate vaccine with Diphtheria protein
      1. Boosts T-Cell response
      2. Lengthens duration of immunity significantly
    6. Cost: $100 (similar to Menactra)
    7. Storage: 35 to 46 F (2 to 8 C), Same as Menactra
  5. Dose: Menactra
    1. Administer 0.5 ml IM
    2. Single dose with no booster recommended
    3. If Menomune (MPSV4) was given previously, wait at least 3 years before giving Menactra
  6. Efficacy
    1. Menactra has a high seroconversion rate (98%-100%), similar to Menomune
    2. Duration: Menactra >8 years (more than double that of Menomune's 3 year duration)
  7. Precautions: Safety
    1. Approved for ages 11 to 55 years
    2. May also be used at 2-10 years of age due to risk factors or travel
    3. Vaccine has no preservative (single use vial)
      1. Does not contain thimerosal (contrast with Menomune)
    4. Safe in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
      1. See Immunization in HIV
  8. Adverse effects
    1. Serious adverse events are uncommon (<1.3%)
    2. Headache
    3. Fever (in up to 3% of children)
    4. Local reactions (more common with menactra than with Menomune)
  9. References
    1. Bilukha (2005) MMWR Recomm Rep 54(RR-7):1
    2. Peter (2001) Pediatr Infect Dis J 20:311
    3. Ruben (2001) Clin Infect Dis 32:170

Meningococcal vaccine (C0700144)

Definition (MSH)Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Immunologic Factor (T129)
MSHD022401
Englishmeningococcal vaccine, Meningococcal Vaccines, Meningococcus vaccine
Spanishvacuna antimeningococica
Parent ConceptsBacterial Vaccines (C0004632), Vaccines (C0042210), Duplicate concept (C1274013), Drug allergen (C1320237)
SourcesCSP, MSH, MTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Menactra (C1567129)

ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121) , Immunologic Factor (T129)
MSHC498225
EnglishMenactra
SourcesMSH
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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