Hematology and Oncology Book

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Bone Marrow Disorders

Lymphatic Disorders

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Acute Myelogenous LeukemiaAka: AML

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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Most common Acute Leukemia of adults
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Myelodysplastic disorder or preleukemia in 25%
      1. Anemia or Cytopenia precedes Leukemia by years
  3. Risk Factors
    1. Prior Chemotherapy
      1. Agents
        1. Alkylating Agents
          1. Chlorambucil
          2. Cyclophosphamide
        2. Nitrosourea
        3. Procarbazine
      2. Conditions
        1. Hodgkin's Disease
        2. Multiple Myeloma
        3. Ovarian Cancer
  4. Signs and Symptoms
    1. See Acute Leukemia
  5. Pathology
    1. Immature Myeloblasts on smear
  6. Management
    1. Induction of Severe Myelosuppression (60-80% remission)
      1. Cytarabine
      2. Daunorubicin or Mitoxantrone or amsacrine
      3. 6-Thioguanine
    2. Repeat cycles of consolidation Chemotherapy
    3. Bone Marrow transplantation improves survival
  7. Complications
    1. CNS Leukemia (10-20%)
  8. Prognosis
    1. Remission 9 months to 2 years after Chemotherapy
    2. Five year survival: 10-30%
    3. Relapse is common
      1. Much less amenable to treatment
      2. Median survival after relapse: 3-6 months
    4. Factors suggestive of better prognosis
      1. Chromosomal abnormalities: t(8;21), t(15;17), inv 16
    5. Factors suggestive of poor prognosis
      1. Age over 60 years
      2. Chromosomal abnormalities: -5, -7, t(9;22)
      3. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
      4. Monocytic or myelomonocytic Leukemia
      5. Preleukemia history
      6. Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for prior malignancy

Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute (C0023467)

Definition (CSP)acute leukemia arising from myeloid tissue in which the granular, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their precursors predominate.
Definition (CSP)leukemia commonly occurring after alkylating agent treatment; manifestations include pancytopenia, megaloblastic bone marrow, and nucleated red cells in peripheral marrow; patients usually have chromosomal abnormalities in marrow cells.
Definition (NCI)A quickly progressing disease in which too many immature blood-forming cells are found in the blood and bone marrow.
Definition (MSH)Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.
Definition (NCI)A clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood or other tissues. The classification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) encompasses four major categories: 1) AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities 2) AML with multilineage dysplasia 3) Therapy-related AML 4) AML not otherwise categorized. The required bone marrow or peripheral blood blast percentage for the diagnosis of AML has been recently reduced from 30% (French-American-British [FAB] classification) to 20% (WHO classification). (WHO, 2001)
ConceptsNeoplastic Process (T191)
ICD9205.0
MSHD015470
EnglishAcute granulocytic leukaemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, Acute myeloblastic leukaemia, Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloblastic Leukemias, Acute myelocytic leukaemia, Acute Myelocytic Leukemia, Acute Myelocytic Leukemias, Acute myelogenous leukaemia, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous Leukemias, Acute myeloid leukaemia, Acute myeloid leukaemia - category, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia - category, Acute Myeloid Leukemias, Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia, Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemias, AML, AML - Acute myeloblastic leukaemia, AML - Acute myeloblastic leukemia, AML - Acute myeloid leukaemia, AML - Acute myeloid leukemia, ANLL, LEUKEMIA ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC, LEUKEMIA MYELOBLASTIC ACUTE
Spanishleucemia granulocitica aguda, leucemia mieloblastica aguda, leucemia mielocitica aguda, leucemia mielogena aguda, leucemia mieloide aguda, leucemia mieloide aguda - categoria
Parent ConceptsMyeloid Leukemia (C0023470), Acute leukemia (C0085669), Malignant Neoplasms (C0006826), Leukocyte Abnormalities, General and NEC (C0549532), Common Hematopoietic Neoplasm (C1333131), Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute (C0023467), Duplicate concept (C1274013), Acute leukemia (category) (C1292764)
SourcesCOSTAR, CSP, CST, DXP, ICD9CM, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, OMIM, PDQ, QMR, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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