Hematology and Oncology Book

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Red Blood CellAka: Red Blood Cell Count, Erythrocyte Count, RBC Count, Erythropoiesis, Proerythroblast, Polychromatophilic erythroblast, Orthochromatic erythroblast, Reticulocyte

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  1. See Also
    1. Erythrocyte Morphology
  2. Physiology: Erythropoiesis (mature red cell development)
    1. See Bone Marrow (Erythroblast)
    2. Development in Marrow
      1. Proerythroblast is RBC stem cell in marrow (0.5 days)
      2. Basophilic Erythroblast (0.8 days)
        1. Nucleus shrinks, cytoplasm darkens with ribosomes
      3. Polychromatophilic Erythroblast (1.3 days)
        1. Cell produces Hemoglobin
        2. Stains with basic and eosin stains
      4. Orthochromatic Erythroblast (2.0 days)
        1. Cell appears more Eosinophilic
    3. Reticulocyte: Transition to Circulation
      1. Orthochromatic Erythroblast sheds nucleus
      2. Marrow Reticulocyte spends 1.7 days in marrow
      3. Blood Reticulocyte spends 1.3 days in circulation
    4. Red Blood Cells in Circulation
      1. Mature Red Blood Cell (120 day life-span)
  3. Normal Values (in 10^6/ul or 10^12/L) per age
    1. Age <1 month: 3.6 to 6.6
    2. Age 1-6 months: 2.7 to 5.4
    3. Age 0.5 - 6 years: 3.7 to 5.3
    4. Age 6-12 years: 4.0 to 5.2
    5. Female
      1. Age 12-18 years: 4.1 to 5.1
      2. Age >18 years: 3.8 to 5.2
    6. Male
      1. Age 12-18 years: 4.5 to 5.3
      2. Age >18 years: 4.4 to 5.9
  4. Increased Red Blood Cell Count
    1. Polycythemia Vera
    2. Tobacco Abuse
    3. High altitude
    4. Renal cell carcinoma
    5. Cardiovascular disease
    6. Stress
    7. Dehydration
  5. Decreased Red Blood Cell Count
    1. Anemia
    2. Hemolytic Anemia
    3. Acute Hemorrhage
    4. Marrow failure
    5. Chronic Renal Failure

Erythrocytes (C0014792)

Definition (MSH)Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Definition (CSP)red blood cells; mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen.
Definition (NCI)(eh-RITH-ro-sites) Cells that carry oxygen to all parts of the body.
Definition (NCI)Cell specialized for oxygen transport, having a high concentration of hemoglobin in the cytoplasm and little else; biconcave, anucleate discs, 7nm diameter in mammals.
ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishErythrocyte, Erythrocytes, RBC, Red Blood Cell, Red Blood Cells, Red blood corpuscle, Red Blood Corpuscles, Red blood corpuscule, Red Cell, Red cells
Spanisheritrocito, glóbulo rojo, glóbulo rojo sanguíneo, glóbulos rojos, globulo rojo, globulo rojo sanguineo, globulos rojos, GR, hematíes, hematies
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Erythropoiesis (C0014819)

Definition (MSH)The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.
Definition (CSP)production of red blood cells.
Definition (NCI)The production of erythrocytes. In the human, in early embryonic life they are produced in the yolk sac; in the middle trimester, by the liver; in the third trimester and after birth, by the bone marrow exclusively. The maintenance in a normal individual of a remarkably constant erythrocyte count and erythrocyte mass in the peripheral blood implies the existence of an erythropoietic stimulus that under physiological conditions so regulates the rate of production of new erythrocytes as to balance the rate of normal destruction. (Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8th ed, p356 & Miale, Laboratory Medicine Hematology, 6th ed, p17) Erythropoiesis is the formation and development of mature red blood cells (erythrocytes).
ConceptsOrgan or Tissue Function (T042)
EnglishErythrocyte production, Erythropoieses, Erythropoiesis
Spanisheritropoyesis, erotrocitopoyesis, producción de corpúsculos rojos, producción de eritrocitos, producción de glóbulos rojos maduros, produccion de corpusculos rojos, produccion de eritrocitos, produccion de globulos rojos maduros
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Reticulocytes (C0035286)

Definition (MSH)Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.
Definition (CSP)immature erythrocytes showing a basophilic reticulum under vital staining; in humans, these are erythroid cells that have just undergone extrusion of their cell nucleus.
Definition (NCI)Immature erythrocytes that have just undergone extrusion of their cell nucleus. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature.
ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishDiffusely basophilic erythrocyte, Polychromatophilic erythrocyte, Reticulocyte, Reticulocytes
Spanisheritrocito difusamente basófilo, eritrocito difusamente basofilo, eritrocito policromatófilo, eritrocito policromatofilo, reticulocito
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Proerythroblasts (C0242277)

Definition (NCI)The earliest of four stages in development of the normoblast.
ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishProerythroblast, Proerythroblasts, Pronormoblast, Pronormoblasts, Rubriblast
Spanishproeritroblasto, pronormoblasto, rubriblasto
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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