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Acute Phase Reactant

Anemia

Bone Marrow Disorders

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Complete Blood Count

Hemolytic Disorders

Lymphatic Disorders

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Erythrocyte Morphology on Peripheral SmearAka: Erythrocyte Morphology, Microcyte, Spherocyte, Elliptocyte, Schistocyte, Acanthocyte, Spur Cell, Dacryocyte, Howell-Jolly, Target Cell, Basophilic Stippling, Sideroblast, Cabot's Ring Bodies, Red Blood Cell Morphology, Macrocyte

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  1. See Also
    1. Red Blood Cell
    2. Peripheral Smear
    3. Bone Marrow Exam
  2. Background
    1. Variants below as seen on Peripheral Smear
    2. RBC Evaluation parameters
      1. RBC Color
      2. RBC Size
      3. RBC Shape
      4. RBC Contents
  3. Macrocytes
    1. See Macrocytic Anemia
    2. Reticulocytosis
    3. Liver disease
  4. Hypochromic microcytes: Defective Hemoglobin synthesis
    1. See Microcytic Anemia
    2. Iron Deficiency Anemia
    3. Thalassemia
    4. Sickle Cell Anemia
    5. Hemoglobinopathy
  5. Spherocytes
    1. Hereditary spherocytosis
    2. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    3. Acute Alcoholism
    4. Hemoglobin C Disease
    5. Following severe Burn injury
    6. Hemolytic transfusion reactions
    7. Severe Hypophosphatemia
    8. Acute Oxidant Injury: Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Defect
    9. Clostridium Welchii Septicemia
  6. Elliptocytes (Oval Cells)
    1. Megaloblastic Anemia
    2. Myelofibrosis
    3. Refractory normoblastic Anemia
    4. Hereditary elliptocytosis
    5. Thalassemia
  7. Schistocytes (Fragmented Red Blood Cells)
    1. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
      1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
      2. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
      3. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
      4. Giant Hemangioma
      5. Metastatic Carcinoma
      6. Malignant Hypertension
      7. Eclampsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy)
      8. Vasculitis
    2. Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
      1. Prosthetic heart valve
  8. Dacryocytes (tear drop RBC)
    1. Extramedullary hemopoiesis
    2. Myelophthisic Anemia
    3. Severe Hemolytic Anemia
    4. Erythroleukemia
  9. Acanthocytes (Spur cells)
    1. Abetalipoproteinemia
    2. Cirrhosis
    3. Hepatic necrosis
    4. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
    5. Uremia
    6. Infantile pyknocytosis
  10. Howell-Jolly Bodies
    1. Postsplenectomy
    2. Megaloblastic Anemia
  11. Basophilic stippling (aggregated ribosomes)
    1. Lead Poisoning
    2. Arsenic poisoning
    3. Thalassemia
    4. Sideroblastic Anemia
    5. Hemolytic Anemia
    6. Severe Anemia
    7. Unstable Hemoglobin
    8. Pyrimidine 5'-Nucleotidase Deficiency
  12. Heinz Body (Aggregates of denatured Hemoglobin)
    1. Oxidative Hemolytic Anemia (G6PD Deficiency)
  13. Target Cells
    1. Thalassemia
    2. Hemoglobin C
    3. Hemoglobin S (Sickle Cell Anemia)
    4. Liver Disease
  14. Sideroblasts
    1. See Sideroblastic Anemia
    2. Nucleated RBCs
    3. Iron laden mitochondria
  15. Cabot's Ring Bodies (Nuclear remnants)
    1. Lead Toxicity
    2. Pernicious Anemia
    3. Hemolytic Anemia
  16. Other findings on RBC exam
    1. Malaria
    2. Bartonella parasites
  17. References
    1. Ravel (1995) Clinical Laboratory Medicine, p. 14-16

Acanthocytes (C0000886)

Definition (MSH)Erythrocytes with protoplasmic projections giving the cell a thorny appearance.
Definition (NCI)Erythrocytes with protoplasmic projections giving the cell a thorny appearance. (MeSH)
ConceptsCell (T025)
MSHD000050
EnglishAcanthocyte, Acanthocytes, Acanthrocyte, Crenated cell, Spiny prickle cell, Spur cell
Spanishacantocito
Parent ConceptsAbnormal Red Blood Cell (C0014793), Poikilocyte (C0333798), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesDXP, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Spherocytes (C0037888)

Definition (MSH)Small, abnormal spherical red blood cells with more than the normal amount of hemoglobin.
Definition (NCI)Small, abnormal spherical red blood cells with more than the normal amount of hemoglobin. (MeSH)
ConceptsCell (T025)
MSHD013102
EnglishSpherocyte, Spherocytes
Spanishesferocito
Parent ConceptsAbnormal Red Blood Cell (C0014793), Poikilocyte (C0333798)
SourcesDXP, LNC, MSH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Dacryocyte (cell) (C0221266)

ConceptsCell or Molecular Dysfunction (T049)
EnglishDacrocytosis, Dacryocyte, Dacryocytes, Tear drop cell, TEAR DROP CELLS, Teardrop cell, Teardrop cells
Spanishcelulas lagrimales, dacriocito, dacriocitosis, lacrimocitos
Parent ConceptsPoikilocyte (C0333798), Abnormal erythrocyte production (C0702109), Red blood cell shape - finding (C1287259)
SourcesDXP, LNC, MTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Elliptocyte (cell) (C0221280)

ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishElliptocyte, ELLIPTOCYTES, Ovalocyte, OVALOCYTES, Pencil cell, Pencil cells
Spanishcelula en lapiz, eliptocito, ovalocito
Parent ConceptsElliptocyte (cell) (C0221280), Poikilocyte (C0333798)
SourcesDXP, LNC, MTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Schistocyte (C0221282)

ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishFragmented cell, Helmet cell, Helmet cells, Schistocyte, SCHISTOCYTES, Schistocytosis
Spanishcelula en casco, celula fragmentada, eritrocitos con forma de yelmo, esquistocito, esquistocitosis
Parent ConceptsPoikilocyte (C0333798), Ambiguous concept (C1274012)
SourcesDXP, LNC, MTH, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Sideroblast (C0229630)

ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishSideroblast
Spanishsideroblasto
Parent ConceptsAbnormal Erythroblast (C1510722), Erythroid Progenitor Cells (C0014802)
SourcesMTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Macrocytic erythrocyte (C0333805)

Definition (NCI)An abnormally large red blood cell occurring mainly in anemias (as pernicious anemia), also called megalocyte. Lack of vitamin B12 and folic acid could also cause macrocytes. (NCI)
ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishMacrocyte, Macrocytes, Macrocytic erythrocyte, Macrocytic Red Blood Cell
Spanisheritrocito macrocitico, macrocito
Parent ConceptsAbnormal Red Blood Cell (C0014793)
SourcesLNC, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Microcytic erythrocyte (cell) (C0369668)

ConceptsCell (T025)
EnglishMicrocyte, Microcytes, Microcytic erythrocyte, Microcytic Red Blood Cell
Spanisheritrocito microcitico, microcito
Parent ConceptsAbnormal Red Blood Cell (C0014793), Ambiguous concept (C1274012)
SourcesLNC, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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