Hematology and Oncology Book

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Tyrosine KinaseAka: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, EGFR, HER1, HER2/neu, VEGF

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  1. Physiology
    1. Tyrosine Kinase
      1. Key enzyme in molecular signaling pathway
      2. Transfers a phosphate from ATP to a protein's tyrosine amino acid
    2. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR, HER1)
      1. Tyrosine kinase that is activated by specific Ligands
      2. Triggers cascade that leads to cell proliferation, invasion and migration
      3. Target for cancer treatments (e.g. Erbitux, Vectibix, Tarceva, Iressa, Tykerb)
    3. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
      1. Angiogenesis signaling protein
      2. Binds to VEGF receptors on tyrosine kinases to initiate Angiogenesis
      3. Target in some Targeted Cancer Therapy (e.g. Avastin)
    4. HER2/neu
      1. EGFR related tyrosine kinase important in Breast Cancer
      2. Overexpression of HER2/neu may predict worse prognosis and cancer recurrence
      3. Targeted Cancer Therapy examples include Herceptin and Tykerb

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (C0034802)

Definition (NCI)Epidermal growth factor receptor. The protein found on the surface of some cells and to which epidermal growth factor binds, causing the cells to divide. It is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, so these cells may divide excessively in the presence of epidermal growth factor.
Definition (MSH)A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA, amphiregulin, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.
Definition (NCI)The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor is a protein tyrosine kinase with two glycoprotein components of different molecular weight; both contain phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine but only the higher molecular weight form contains phosphoserine. The tyrosine kinase activity is required for internalization or degradation of EGF-EGFR receptor complexes. EGF stimulation of the receptor initiates DNA and protein synthesis in target cells. The receptor is not found on mitotically quiescent cells except the stomach where it controls synthesis and release of digestive enzymes and gastric acid. TGF alpha also binds to and activates the receptor. (from OMIM 131550 and NCI)
ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Enzyme (T126) , Receptor (T192)
MSHD011958
Englishc erbB 1 Protein, C ERBB PROTEIN 001, c-erbB-1, c-erbB-1 Protein, EGF RECEPT, EGF Receptor, EGFR, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPT, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase, Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor, Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor site, erbB 1 Proto Oncogene Protein, ERBB Protein, ERBB PROTO ONCOGENE PROTEIN 001, erbB-1, erbB-1 Proto-Oncogene Protein, ErbB1, HER1, proto-oncogene protein c-erbB-1, RECEPT EGF, RECEPT EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR, RECEPT EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR UROGASTRONE, RECEPT TGF ALPHA, RECEPT TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA, RECEPT UROGASTRONE, TGF ALPHA RECEPTOR, TGF-alpha Receptor, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA RECEPT, Transforming Growth Factor alpha Receptor, UROGASTRONE RECEPT, Urogastrone Receptor
Spanishreceptor de factor de crecimiento epidermico - urogastrona
Parent ConceptsReceptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone (C0034808), Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (C0206364), Growth Factor Receptors (C0206454), ErbB Receptor Family Protein (C1333436), Genes (C0017337), Binding Sites (C0005456), receptor (C0597357)
SourcesCSP, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, PDQ, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (C0078058)

Definition (CSP)heparin binding growth factor that regulates endothelial cell proliferation; also acts as an angiogenic factor.
Definition (MSH)The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.
ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSHD042461
EnglishHBGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A, Vascular Permeability Factor, Vasculotropin, VEGF, VEGF-A, VPF
Spanishfactor de crecimiento endotelial vascular
Parent ConceptsGrowth Factor (C0018284), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (C1256770)
SourcesCSP, LNC, MSH, MTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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