Hematology and Oncology Book

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Erythrocyte Morphology on Peripheral SmearAka: Erythrocyte Morphology, Microcyte, Spherocyte, Elliptocyte, Schistocyte, Acanthocyte, Spur Cell, Dacryocyte, Howell-Jolly, Target Cell, Basophilic Stippling, Sideroblast, Cabot's Ring Bodies, Red Blood Cell Morphology, Macrocyte

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  1. See Also
    1. Red Blood Cell
    2. Peripheral Smear
    3. Bone Marrow Exam
  2. Background
    1. Variants below as seen on Peripheral Smear
    2. RBC Evaluation parameters
      1. RBC Color
      2. RBC Size
      3. RBC Shape
      4. RBC Contents
  3. Macrocytes
    1. See Macrocytic Anemia
    2. Reticulocytosis
    3. Liver disease
  4. Hypochromic Microcytes: Defective Hemoglobin synthesis
    1. See Microcytic Anemia
    2. Iron Deficiency Anemia
    3. Thalassemia
    4. Sickle Cell Anemia
    5. Hemoglobinopathy
  5. Spherocytes
    1. Hereditary spherocytosis
    2. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    3. Acute Alcoholism
    4. Hemoglobin C Disease
    5. Following severe Burn injury
    6. Hemolytic transfusion reactions
    7. Severe Hypophosphatemia
    8. Acute Oxidant Injury: Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Defect
    9. Clostridium Welchii Septicemia
  6. Elliptocytes (Oval Cells)
    1. Megaloblastic Anemia
    2. Myelofibrosis
    3. Refractory normoblastic Anemia
    4. Hereditary elliptocytosis
    5. Thalassemia
  7. Schistocytes (Fragmented Red Blood Cells)
    1. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
      1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
      2. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
      3. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
      4. Giant Hemangioma
      5. Metastatic Carcinoma
      6. Malignant Hypertension
      7. Eclampsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy)
      8. Vasculitis
    2. Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
      1. Prosthetic heart valve
  8. Dacryocytes (tear drop RBC)
    1. Extramedullary hemopoiesis
    2. Myelophthisic Anemia
    3. Severe Hemolytic Anemia
    4. ErythroLeukemia
  9. Acanthocytes (Spur Cells)
    1. Abetalipoproteinemia
    2. Cirrhosis
    3. Hepatic necrosis
    4. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
    5. Uremia
    6. Infantile pyknocytosis
  10. Howell-Jolly Bodies
    1. Postsplenectomy
    2. Megaloblastic Anemia
  11. Basophilic Stippling (aggregated ribosomes)
    1. Lead Poisoning
    2. Arsenic poisoning
    3. Thalassemia
    4. Sideroblastic Anemia
    5. Hemolytic Anemia
    6. Severe Anemia
    7. Unstable Hemoglobin
    8. Pyrimidine 5'-Nucleotidase Deficiency
  12. Heinz Body (Aggregates of denatured Hemoglobin)
    1. Oxidative Hemolytic Anemia (G6PD Deficiency)
  13. Target Cells
    1. Thalassemia
    2. Hemoglobin C
    3. Hemoglobin S (Sickle Cell Anemia)
    4. Liver Disease
  14. Sideroblasts
    1. See Sideroblastic Anemia
    2. Nucleated RBCs
    3. Iron laden mitochondria
  15. Cabot's Ring Bodies (Nuclear remnants)
    1. Lead Toxicity
    2. Pernicious Anemia
    3. Hemolytic Anemia
  16. Other findings on RBC exam
    1. Malaria
    2. Bartonella parasites
  17. References
    1. Ravel (1995) Clinical Laboratory Medicine, p. 14-16

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