Gynecology Book

http://www.fpnotebook.com/

Breast Cancer

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  1. See Also
    1. Breast Cancer in Men
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: New Cases of Breast Cancer (1997)
      1. Women: 180,200 cases/year
        1. Age <40 years: 7% (12,600 women annually)
        2. Age <50 years: 25% (45,700 women annually)
      2. Men: 1400 cases/year
    2. Mortality from Breast Cancer (1997): 43,900
    3. References
      1. (1997) ACS, Cancer Statistics 1997
  3. Risk Factors
    1. See Breast Cancer Risk Factors
  4. Pathophysiology
    1. Breast Cancer is slow growing: 100 day doubling time
    2. Breast cancer is not detectable for 8-10 years
      1. Year 8: Mammogram identifies 100 billion cell mass
      2. Year 10: Mass palpable on Clinical Breast Exam
  5. Risk Management
    1. Document all breast complaints
      1. Breast Masses are self diagnosed in 60% of cases
    2. Lawsuit pearls
      1. Premenopausal patients account for 63-68% of suits
      2. Common Allegations
        1. Physical Findings failed to impress
        2. Failure to follow-up with patient
        3. Negative Mammogram report
        4. Mammogram misread
    3. Document any Family History
    4. Compare previous Mammography
    5. Document recommendations for follow-up
    6. Follow documented schedule
    7. Remember to follow up with other consultants
    8. Biopsy palpable mass with negative Mammogram
    9. Pregnancy should not delay diagnostic studies
    10. Most specialties have been named in malpractice suits
      1. Radiology (24%)
      2. Obstetrics and Gynecology (23%)
      3. Family Practice and General Practice (17%)
      4. Surgery (14%)
      5. Internal Medicine (9%)
      6. Pathology (2%)
  6. References
    1. (1995) Physician Insur Assoc Amer, Breast Cancer Study

Breast Carcinoma (C0678222)

Definition (NCI)(brest KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in tissues of the breast, usually the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) and lobules (glands that make milk). It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare.
Definition (NCI)A carcinoma arising from the breast, most commonly the terminal ductal-lobular unit. Breast carcinoma may affect both females and males. It is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of carcinoma death in women. Risk factors include country of birth, family history, menstrual and reproductive history, fibrocystic disease and epithelial hyperplasia, exogenous estrogens, contraceptive agents, and ionizing radiation. The widespread use of mammography has contributed in the detection of very early cancerous lesions (less than 2mm in diameter). The vast majority of breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas (ductal or lobular). Breast carcinoma spreads by direct invasion, by the lymphatic route, and by the blood vessel route. The most common site of lymph node involvment is the axilla. Breast carcinomas infrequently occur in males (particularly elderly individuals and patients with Klinefelter's syndrome). The therapy of breat carcinoma includes surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extend of the disease. --2002
ConceptsNeoplastic Process (T191)
EnglishBreast Cancer, BREAST CARCINOMA, Cancer of Breast, Cancer of the Breast, CARCINOMA BREAST, CARCINOMA OF BREAST, Carcinoma of the Breast, Mammary Carcinoma
Spanishcáncer de mama, cancer de mama, carcinoma de mama, carcinoma mamario
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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