Gynecology Book

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Vaginal SpermicideAka: Spermicide, Nonoxynol

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  1. Indications
    1. Use with contraceptive barrier methods
      1. Cervical Cap
      2. Contraceptive Diaphragm
  2. Preparations
    1. Nonoxynol-9 (Gynol II)
      1. Only available spermicide in U.S.
      2. Shortens Condom shelf life and is more costly
      3. Highest concentration (150 mg) is most efficacious
        1. Failure rate is still 14% at 150 mg
        2. Overall failure rate for all concentrations: 22%
        3. Raymond (2004) Obstet Gynecol 103:430
      4. Do not use for STD protection
        1. Does not increase Condom efficacy
        2. Does not protect against Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
          1. Roddy (2002) JAMA 287:1117
        3. Increases risk of Gonorrhea
          1. Richardson (2001) Sex Transm Dis 28:394
        4. Increases HIV risk (disrupts vaginal epithelium)
      5. References
        1. Apgar (2003) AAFP Board Review, Seattle
    2. Octoxynol-9
    3. Benzalkonium
    4. Homemade Spermicide (anecdotal with unproven efficacy)
      1. Aloe Vera Gel: 1 Tablespoon
      2. Lemon juice: 3 drops
      3. Keep refrigerated for no longer than 72 hours
      4. Reference
        1. Summerhayes (1999) CMEA Women's Health, San Diego
        2. Oyelola (1987) {a 8122} 36(4):435
  3. Mechanism
    1. Spermicide attacks sperm acrosomal membranes
    2. Breakdown of membranes immobilizes sperm
    3. Spermicide delivered in base to adhere to cervix
  4. Efficacy
    1. Overall Failure rate: 21% (3-31%)
  5. Technique
    1. Allow time for activation and well timed for sex
    2. Reapply spermicide for repeat intercourse
    3. No douching for 6 hours post intercourse
  6. Disadvantages
    1. Sex may need to be interrupted to apply
    2. Messy or difficult to apply
    3. Unpleasant smell or taste
  7. Adverse Effects
    1. Allergy to spermicide in 2-4% of men and women

Spermatocidal Agents (C0037862)

Definition (MSH)Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives.
Definition (CSP)agent destructive to spermatozoa.
ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD013089
Englishspermaticide, Spermatocidal Agents, Spermatocidal Contraceptive Agents, Spermatocidal Drugs, Spermatocides, Spermicidal Agents, Spermicidal contraceptive, Spermicidal Contraceptive Agents, Spermicidal contraceptives, spermicide, Spermicides
Spanishespermicidas
Parent ConceptsContraceptive Agents (C0009871), Antispermatogenic Agents (C0003433), Contraceptive Agents, Female (C0009873), Non-oral contraceptive (C1268907)
SourcesCSP, MSH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Nonoxynol (C0068943)

Definition (MSH)Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD017137
EnglishNonoxinol, nonoxinol Patentnex brand, nonoxinol Patentnex brands, Nonoxinols, Nonoxynol, NONOXYNOL PREPARATION, Nonoxynols, Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, Nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanols, Patentex Oval, Patentex Ovals, Patentnex brand of nonoxinol
Spanishnonoxinol
Parent ConceptsPolyethylene Glycols (C0032483), [HS900] HORMONES/SYNTHETICS/MODIFIERS, OTHER (C0991612), Contraceptive Agents (C0009871), Polymers (C0032521), Spermatocidal Agents (C0037862), Non-ionic surfactant (C0360281)
SourcesMSH, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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