Gastroenterology Book

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Esophageal AchalasiaAka: Cardiospasm

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  1. Pathophysiology
    1. Deficient distal esophagus cholinergic innervation
    2. Loss of normal peristalsis
    3. Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) dysfunction
      1. LES Incoordinate contraction
      2. LES tonic contractions
      3. Constriction of LES in response to swallowing
  2. Symptoms
    1. Dysphagia
    2. Regurgitation of food, Saliva, esophageal secretions
  3. Signs
    1. Weight loss
  4. Radiology: Upper GI
    1. Esophageal dilatation
    2. Beadlike narrowing of distal segment
    3. Spasm of lower esophageal sphincter
  5. Diagnosis: Esophageal Manometry
    1. Intraluminal pressure
    2. pH
    3. Transit time
  6. Management
    1. Nifedipine 10 mg capsule
      1. Bite and swallow capsule 30 minutes before meal
    2. Pneumatic dilatation of esophagus

Esophageal achalasia (C0014848)

Definition (MSH)A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).
Definition (CSP)failure of normal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter associated with uncoordinated contractions of the thoracic esophagus, resulting in functional obstruction and difficulty swallowing.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9530.0
EnglishAchalasia, ACHALASIA & CARDIOSPASM, Achalasia and cardiospasm, ACHALASIA CARDIAE, ACHALASIA ESOPHAGEAL, Achalasia of cardia, Achalasia of esophagus, Achalasia of oesophagus, cardiospasm, Cardiospasms, Esophageal achalasia, Esophageal Achalasias, Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, Hypertensive lower oesophageal sphincter, Lack of reflex relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter, Lack of reflex relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter, Megaoesophagus
Spanishacalasia del cardias, acalasia del esófago, acalasia del esofago, ausencia del reflejo de relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior, ausencia del reflejo de relajacion del esfinter esofagico inferior, cardioespasmo, esfínter esofágico inferior hipertensivo, esfinter esofagico inferior hipertensivo, hipertensión del esfínter esofágico inferior, hipertension del esfinter esofagico inferior
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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