Gastroenterology Book

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Esophageal Achalasia

Aka: Esophageal Achalasia, Cardiospasm
  1. Pathophysiology
    1. Deficient distal esophagus cholinergic innervation
    2. Loss of normal peristalsis
    3. Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) dysfunction
      1. LES Incoordinate contraction
      2. LES tonic contractions
      3. Constriction of LES in response to swallowing
  2. Symptoms
    1. Dysphagia
    2. Regurgitation of food, Saliva, esophageal secretions
  3. Signs
    1. Weight loss
  4. Radiology: Upper GI
    1. Esophageal dilatation
    2. Beadlike narrowing of distal segment
    3. Spasm of lower esophageal sphincter
  5. Diagnosis: Esophageal Manometry
    1. Intraluminal pressure
    2. pH
    3. Transit time
  6. Management
    1. Consider trial on antispasmodic for Esophageal Spasm
      1. Nifedipine 10 mg capsule
        1. Bite and swallow capsule 30 minutes before meal
    2. Surgical Interventions
      1. Balloon Esophageal Dilatation
      2. Cardiomyotomy
      3. Botulinum toxin

Esophageal Achalasia (C0014848)

Definition (NCI) A finding indicating the lack of adequate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter resulting in difficulty swallowing food.
Definition (CSP) failure of normal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter associated with uncoordinated contractions of the thoracic esophagus, resulting in functional obstruction and difficulty swallowing.
Definition (MSH) A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D004931
ICD9 530.0
ICD10 K22.0
SnomedCT 17460002, 155672003, 45564002
English Achalasia, Esophageal, Achalasias, Esophageal, Cardiospasm, Cardiospasms, Esophageal Achalasias, ACHALASIA, ACHALASIA CARDIAE, CARDIOSPASM, Cardiospasm, NOS, Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter, Lower esophageal sphincter, lack of reflex relaxation, ACHALASIA ESOPHAGEAL, Hypertensive lower oesophageal sphincter, achalasia (diagnosis), achalasia, Cardiospasm (disorder), Achalasia of cardia (disorder), Achalasia cardiae, Achalasia esophageal, Esophageal achalasia, Esophagus achalasia of, Oesophageal achalasia, Oesophagus achalasia of, Achalasia & cardiospasm, Achalasia, Achalasias, Esophageal Achalasia, Esophageal Achalasia [Disease/Finding], Achalasia;oesophageal, achalasia esophagus, achalasia cardiospasm, achalasia cardia, achalasia of esophagus, cardiospasms, esophagus achalasia, Achalasia oesophageal, Achalasia of esophagus, Achalasia of cardia, Lack of reflex relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter, Megaoesophagus, Achalasia of oesophagus, Lack of reflex relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter, Achalasia of esophagus (disorder), cardiospasm, Achalasia and cardiospasm, Achalasia;esophageal, esophageal achalasia, oesophageal achalasia
French CARDIOSPASME, Achalasie et cardiospasme, ACHALASIE DU CARDIA, Spasme du cardia, Cardiospasme, Achalasie de l'oesophage, Achalasie du cardia, Achalasie oesophagienne
Dutch achalasia cardiae, slokdarm, achalasia van, achalasie van de slokdarm, achalasie en cardiospasmus, achalasie van slokdarm, Achalasie van cardia, cardiospasmus, oesofageale achalasie, Achalasie, slokdarm-, Cardiospasme, Oesofagusachalasie, Slokdarmachalasie
German Oesophagus Achalasie, oesophageale Achalasie, Achalasie oesophageal, Achalasie und Kardiospasmus, Achalasia cardiae, ACHALASIA CARDIAE, Achalasie der Kardia, KARDIOSPASMUS, Oesophagusachalasie, Kardiaspasmus, Kardiospasmus, Achalasie, Ösophagus-, Ösophagusachalasie
Italian Acalasia e spasmo del cardias, Acalasia del cardias, Cardiospasmo, Acalasia esofagea, Acalasia dell'esofago
Portuguese Acalasia do esófago, Acalasia do cárdia, Acalasia e espasmo cárdico, ACALASIA DO CARDIA, CARDIOSPASMO, Cardiospasmo, Acalasia esofágica, Acalasia Esofágica, Cardioespasmo
Spanish Acalasia de esófago, Acalasia y cardioespasmo, Achalasia cardiae, Achalasia of cardia, ACALASIA, ESPASMO DEL CARDIAS, acalasia del cardias, acalasia del esófago (trastorno), acalasia del esófago, ausencia del reflejo de relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior, cardioespasmo (concepto no activo), cardioespasmo, esfínter esofágico inferior hipertensivo, Acalasia esofágica, Cardioespasmo, Acalasia del Esófago, Acalasia del Esofago
Japanese 噴門アカラシア, ﾌﾝﾓﾝｹｲﾚﾝ, ﾌﾝﾓﾝｱｶﾗｼｱ, ｼｮｸﾄﾞｳｱｶﾗｼｱ, 食道アカラジア, 食道無弛緩症, 食道無弛緩, 弛緩不能症-食道, 噴門痙攣症, アカラジア-食道, 食道無し緩症, 巨大食道, 食道弛緩不能症, 噴門けいれん, 噴門痙攣, 噴門けいれん症, 食道アカラシア, アカラシア-食道
Swedish Esofagusakalasi
Czech ezofágus - achalazie, Kardiospasmus, Achalázie kardie, Achalázie a kardiospasmus, Jícnová achalázie, Achalázie jícnu
Finnish Mahansuun kouristus
Russian KARDIOSPAZM, AKHALAZIIA PISHCHEVODA, PISHCHEVODA AKHALAZIIA, MEGAEZOFAGUS, АХАЛАЗИЯ ПИЩЕВОДА, КАРДИОСПАЗМ, МЕГАЭЗОФАГУС, ПИЩЕВОДА АХАЛАЗИЯ
Korean 분문의 이완불능증
Polish Kurcz przełyku, Kurcz wpustu, Achalazja przełyku, Achalazja wpustu
Hungarian Oesophagealis achalasia, Achalasia cardiae, Achalasia oesophagealis, Nyelőcső achalasia, Achalasia és cardiospasmus, Nyelőcső achalasiája, Cardiospasmus, Oesophagus achalasia
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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