Ophthalmology Book

Anatomy

  • Eye Anatomy

Corneal Disorders

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Retinal Disorders

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Eye AnatomyAka: Limbus, Iris, Conjunctiva, Choroid, Aqueous Humor, Aqueous Outflow Angle

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  1. Eyelids
    1. Both lids contain a tarsal plate with Meibomian glands
    2. Lids join at medial and lateral canthi
  2. Sclera
    1. See Sclera
    2. Thick outer coat of the eye
    3. Normally white and opaque
  3. Limbus
    1. Corneal-Scleral junction
  4. Iris
    1. Pigmented light filter
  5. Conjunctiva: Thin, vascular tissue
    1. Covers inner lid lining (palpebral conjunctiva)
    2. Covers Sclera (bulbar conjunctiva)
  6. Cornea
    1. See Refractive Error
    2. See Cornea
    3. Transparent front refractive window of eye
  7. Extraocular Muscles: Innervated by CN 3 with 2 exceptions
    1. Medial Range of Motion
      1. Medial Rectus (Cranial Nerve III)
    2. Lateral Range of Motion
      1. Lateral Rectus (Cranial Nerve VI)
    3. Upward Range of Motion
      1. Superior Rectus (Cranial Nerve III)
      2. Inferior Oblique (Cranial Nerve III)
    4. Downward Range of Motion
      1. Inferior Rectus (Cranial Nerve III)
      2. Superior Oblique (Cranial Nerve IV)
  8. Anterior Chamber
    1. Between Cornea and iris
    2. Contains Aqueous humor
  9. Posterior Chamber
    1. Between iris and zonulae (very small space)
  10. Ciliary body
    1. Produces aqueous humor
    2. Suspends lens by zonulae
  11. Aqueous Humor related anatomy
    1. Aqueous Humor
      1. Clear fluid that fills anterior and posterior chamber
      2. Produced by ciliary body
      3. Passes through pupil
      4. Drains via trabecular meshwork (at outflow angle)
    2. Aqueous Outflow Angle
      1. Intersection of Cornea, iris, and ciliary body
      2. Blockage results in Glaucoma
  12. Vitreous Cavity
    1. Large space (4.5cc) between lens and retina
    2. Contains transparent gel (vitreous humor)
  13. Macula and Fovea
    1. Macula is fine central vision area at posterior pole
    2. Fovea is oval depression at center of macula
  14. Choroid
    1. Vascular pigmented tissue between Sclera and retina
    2. Vascular supply for outer retina
  15. Avascular structures of the eye
    1. Lens
    2. Anterior vitreous
    3. Corneal Endothelium

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