Endocrinology Book

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Failure to Thrive Causes

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  1. See Also
    1. Failure to Thrive
    2. Failure to Thrive Evaluation
    3. Failure to Thrive Management
  2. Normal Physiologic Cause
    1. Half of infants under age 2 shift weight, height by 25%
    2. Familial Short Stature (Short Parents)
      1. Most common reason for short stature in children
  3. Nonorganic causes (80% of cases)
    1. Accidental error in formula preparation,
      1. Improper feeding technique
      2. Misconception about nutrition needs
      3. Breast fed infants without sufficient caloric intake
      4. Formula too dilute
    2. Economic deprivation or limited access to food
    3. Emotional deprivation
    4. Child neglect
    5. Child Abuse
  4. Organic Causes: Insufficient caloric intake
    1. Cleft Palate
    2. Choanal Atresia
    3. Gastroesophageal Reflux
  5. Organic Cause: Defect in food assimilation
    1. Celiac Disease
    2. Giardiasis
    3. Protein losing enteropathy
    4. Cow's milk protein allergy
    5. Liver disease (e.g. Biliary atresia)
  6. Organic Cause: Excessive loss of ingested calories
    1. Chronic Diarrhea
    2. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux
  7. Organic Cause: Increased energy requirements
    1. Malignancy
    2. Cyanotic Heart Disease (Hypoxemia)
    3. Renal disease
    4. Hyperthyroidism
    5. Immunodeficiency: Pediatric AIDS
      1. Generalized Lymphadenopathy
      2. Hepatosplenomegaly
      3. Oral Candidiasis
      4. Otitis Media
      5. Pneumonia
      6. Chronic or recurrent Diarrhea
  8. Organic: Prenatal causes
    1. Intrauterine infection
    2. Maternal malnutrition
    3. Maternal smoking
    4. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
    5. Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
    6. Chromosomal disorders
    7. Dysmorphic syndromes

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