Endocrinology Book

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Prolactin

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  1. Physiology
    1. Prolactin is produced in anterior pituitary
      1. Controlled by Prolactin Inhibiting Factor (PIF)
      2. Potently stimulated by Thyroid Releasing Hormone
    2. Characteristics
      1. Polypeptide hormone with 198 amino acids
      2. Resembles Human Growth Hormone (hCG)
      3. Resembles Human Placental lactogen (hPL)
  2. Preparation
    1. Fasting level drawn before noon
    2. No breast stimulation in last 48 hours
  3. Normal Levels
    1. Adult: <20 ng/ml
    2. Newborn: 100 to 300 (falls below 20 after 6 weeks)
    3. Pregnancy
      1. First Trimester: <80 ng/ml
      2. Second trimester: <160 ng/ml
      3. Third Trimester: <400 ng/ml
    4. Lactation
      1. Initially (<3 months postpartum)
        1. First week: 100 ng/ml basal level
        2. First 1-2 months: 50 ng/ml basal level
        3. Suckling raises prolactin 10-20 fold above basal
      2. Later (3-6 months postpartum)
        1. Basal rates approach non-pregnant levels
        2. Suckling may double basal level
    5. References
      1. Bakerman (1984) ABCs of Lab Data, p. 342
  4. Increased Prolactin > 20 ng/ml
    1. See Hyperprolactinemia

Prolactin (C0033371)

Definition (MSH)A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.
Definition (CSP)glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in mammals it stimulates the production of milk and assists in maintaining the corpus luteum.
Definition (NCI)Human prolactin (227 aa, 26 kDa precursor) is encoded by the human prolactin (PIT1) gene. This secreted lactogenic glycoprotein is expressed in both anterior pituitary lactotropes and the decidual endometrium. It acts primarily on the mammary gland and, in synergy with estrogen, induces progesterone release by corpus luteum cells to render the uterine mucosa suitable for implantation.
ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Hormone (T125)
MSHD011388
EnglishLactogenic hormone, LTH, luteotropic hormone, luteotropin, mammary stimulating hormone, Mammotropin, Pituitary Lactogenic Hormone, Pituitary Mammotropic Hormone, PRL, Prl - Prolactin, Prolactin, Prolactin preparation
Spanishpreparado de PL, preparado de prolactina, prolactina
Parent ConceptsProtein hormone (C0682768), Gonadotropins (C0018061), Pituitary Gonadotropins (C0018066), Pituitary Hormones, Anterior (C0032016), Pituitary Hormones (C0032015), Somatotropin (C0037663), Hormones (C0019932)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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