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Central Causes of VertigoAka: Vertigo due to Central Causes, Non-peripheral Vertigo Causes

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  1. See Also
    1. Vertigo Causes
  2. Findings suggestive of central causes
    1. Nystagmus
      1. Pure horizontal, vertical or torsional Nystagmus
      2. Persists <6 seconds after Dix-Hallpike Maneuver
      3. Fixation of eyes on object does not inhibit Nystagmus
      4. Requires weeks to months to resolve
    2. Episodes last hours to days
    3. Severe imbalance impairs standing and walking
    4. No Hearing Loss or Tinnitus in most central cases
  3. Causes: Central Vertigo
    1. Non-Vascular Central Causes of Vertigo (CN 8 or CNS)
      1. Tumor
        1. Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
        2. Infratentorial ependymoma
        3. Brainstem glioma
        4. Medulloblastoma
        5. Neurofibromatosis
      2. Migraine Headache
      3. Multiple Sclerosis
    2. Vascular disease related transient cerebral anoxia
      1. Specific anoxia to vertebrobasilar system
        1. Vessel specific
          1. Brainstem Infarct (associated with Hearing Loss)
            1. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery infarction
            2. Anterior Vestibular Artery Infarction
          2. Brainstem Infarct (no Hearing Loss)
            1. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Infarction
            2. Labyrinthine Artery Infarction
        2. Precipitating conditions
          1. Arteriosclerosis
          2. Hypertension
          3. Anemia
          4. Atrial Fibrillation
      2. See Dizziness causes not vertebrobasilar specific
        1. Postural Hypotension
        2. Syncope
  4. References
    1. Baloh (1999) Postgrad Med 105(2):161
    2. Knox (1997) Am Fam Physician 55(4):1185
    3. Labuguen (2006) Am Fam Physician 73:244
    4. Tusa (2005) Neurol Clin 23:655
    5. Tusa (2003) Med Clin N Am 87:609

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