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Cystic HygromaAka: Hygroma Cysticum, Cystic Lymphangioma, Cavernous Lymphangioma, Lymphangioma Cavernosum, Lymphangioma Cysticum

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  1. Pathophysiology
    1. Congenital lymphatic malformation
      1. Lymphatic vessel fails to connect and drain
      2. Results in large multiloculated cyst
    2. Distribution
      1. Neck (60%)
      2. Other locations
        1. Chest Wall
        2. Mediastinum
        3. Axilla
      3. Rare locations
        1. Inguinal region
        2. Retroperitoneal region
  2. Associated Conditions
    1. Turner's Syndrome
    2. Noonan's Syndrome
    3. Down Syndrome
  3. Symptoms
    1. Initial
      1. Asymptomatic
      2. Painless lesion unless infected or bleeding
    2. Progression: Continues to increases in size
      1. 90% symptomatic by age 2 years
  4. Signs
    1. Fluctuant mass usually in neck
    2. Mass transilluminates
  5. Complications
    1. Infection
    2. Bleeding
    3. Airway compromise (due to compression)
  6. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Neck Masses in Children
  7. Management
    1. Deliver where NICU available if diagnosed prenatally
      1. Risk of airway compromise
    2. Surgical excision
  8. Prognosis
    1. Recurrence rate after surgical excision: 10-15%
  9. References
    1. Townsend (2001) Sabiston Surgery, Saunders, p. 546-7
    2. Muensterer (2000) Pediatr Rev 21(4):139
    3. Weintraub (2000) Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:1171

Cavernous lymphangioma (C0205828)

Definition (NCI)A lymphangioma characterized by the presence of thin-walled cavernous lymphatic spaces.
ConceptsNeoplastic Process (T191)
MSHD008202
EnglishCavernous lymphangioma, Cavernous Lymphangiomas
Spanishlinfangioma cavernoso
Parent ConceptsLymphangioma (C0024221), Lymphatic Vessel Tumors (C0206619), Congenital lymphatic malformation (C1302778)
SourcesDXP, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Lymphangioma, Cystic (C0206620)

Definition (MSH)A cystic growth originating from lymphatic tissue. It is usually found in the neck, axilla, or groin.
Definition (NCI)A benign lymphatic neoplasm usually arising from the neck and characterized by cystic dilation of the lymphatic vessels.
ConceptsNeoplastic Process (T191)
MSHD018191
EnglishCystic Hygroma, Cystic Hygromas, Cystic lymphangioma, Cystic Lymphangiomas, Hygroma, Hygromas, Non-neoplastic hygroma
Spanishhigroma, higroma no neoplasico, higroma quistico, linfangioma quistico
Parent ConceptsLymphangioma (C0024221), Disease (C0012634), Lymphatic Vessel Tumors (C0206619), Mass of body structure (C0577559), Congenital lymphatic malformation (C1302778)
SourcesMSH, NCI, NDFRT, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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