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Salivary Gland

Aka: Salivary Gland, Parotid Gland, Submandibular Gland, Parotid Papilla, Stensen's Duct, Wharton's Duct, Saliva, Sublingual Gland
  1. Anatomy
    1. Minor Salivary Glands
      1. Hundreds throughout mouth
    2. Major Salivary Glands (3 on each side of face)
      1. Parotid Gland (cheek)
      2. Submandibular Gland (under angle of the jaw)
      3. Sublingual Gland (under Tongue)
  2. Physiology
    1. Saliva function
      1. Controls oral pH
      2. Assists with food intake
        1. Lubricates food bolus
        2. Contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion
      3. Mouth cleansing and Oral Hygiene
        1. Saliva limits oral pathogen growth
        2. Reduces oral odor (halitosis)
    2. Differential Saliva production by glands
      1. Unstimulated Salivation (Salivary Gland at rest)
        1. 1.5 Liters produced per day (basal rate)
        2. Major Salivary Glands: 90% of Saliva produced
        3. Submandibular and Sublingual Glands: 70% of Saliva
      2. Stimulated Salivation
        1. Saliva production increases 5 fold
        2. Parotid Gland produces majority of Saliva
    3. Innervation
      1. Parasympathetic innervation to major Salivary Glands
        1. Otic ganglion fibers supply Parotid Gland
        2. Submandibular ganglion supplies other major glands
      2. Sympathetic innervation promotes Saliva flow
        1. Stimulates muscle contractions at Salivary ducts
  3. Parotid Gland
    1. Largest Salivary Gland
    2. Most prone to bacterial Sialadenitis
      1. Neonatal Sialadenitis
      2. Acute bacterial Sialadenitis
      3. Chronic Sialadenitis
    3. Facial Nerve bisects gland
      1. Superficial lobe
      2. Deep lobe
    4. Lies over maxillary bone
      1. Superior to mandible
      2. Anterior to angle of jaw and auricle
    5. Stensen's Duct (Parotid Papilla)
      1. Opens out adjacent to maxillary second molar
      2. Milking Parotid Gland will expel drop at duct
  4. Submandibular Gland
    1. Second largest Salivary Gland
    2. Located within Submandibular Triangle
      1. Recessed immediately below mandible
      2. Overlies hypoglossus muscle
      3. Hypoglossal and lingual nerves overly gland
    3. Wharton's Duct
      1. Opens adjacent to lingual frenulum
  5. Pathologic Salivary Gland Conditions
    1. Sialadenitis (Salivary Gland Infection)
    2. Sialolithiasis (Salivary duct calculus)
    3. Ptyalism or Sialorrhea (Drooling)
    4. Xerostomia (Decreased Saliva Secretion)
    5. Salivary Gland Tumor
    6. Salivary Gland Enlargement

saliva (C0036087)

Definition (MSH) The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.
Definition (CSP) clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; it contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin.
Definition (NCI) (suh-LIE-vuh) The watery fluid made by mucous glands in the mouth. It moistens food to aid in digestion.
Definition (NCI) A clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches.
Concepts Body Substance (T031)
MSH D012463
English saliva, Salivary gland secretion, Salivas
Spanish saliva, secrecion de la glandula salival
Parent Concepts secretion product (C0682555), Body Fluids (C0005889), Bodily secretions (C0036537), Exocrine Gland Fluid or Secretion (C1516992), Digestive system fluid (C0226884), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
Sources AOD , CSP, LCH, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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