Dermatology Book

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Fingernail

Aka: Fingernail, Toenail, Nail Growth, Hyponychium, Eponychium, Cuticle, Anonychia, Onychodystrophy, Onychogryposis, Onychomadesis, Onychoschizia, Onychotillomania
  1. See Also
    1. Nail Abnormality
    2. Nail-Related Growths
  2. Anatomy
    1. Images
      1. DermNailAnatomy.jpg
    2. Germinal matrix
      1. Root of the nail
      2. Forms nail plate from base of nail bed
      3. Distal matrix produces deeper nail plate
      4. Proximal matrix produces superficial nail plate
    3. Eponychium
      1. Skin just proximal to Cuticle
      2. Dorsal fold at proximal surface of nail
    4. Paronychial edge or Perionychium
      1. Lateral borders of nail
      2. Site of hangnails and Paronychia
    5. Hyponychium
      1. Area beneath free edge of nail
      2. Junction where nail bed meets tip of digit skin
    6. Nail Plate
      1. Hard and translucent
      2. Composed of dead keratin
      3. Surrounded by perionychium
    7. Nail Bed (Sterile Matrix)
      1. Adheres to underside nail with squamous epithelium
      2. Makes nail plate thicker and stronger
      3. Contains blood vessels and nerves
  3. Physiology: General
    1. Nail is keratinized squamous cells
    2. Forms protective plate
    3. Enhances fingertip sensation
      1. Nail acts as counterforce to fingertip
      2. Two Point Discrimination decreased when nail absent
  4. Physiology: Nail Growth
    1. Normal Nail Growth
      1. Fingernails
        1. Grow 3 mm per month
        2. Require 6 months for complete re-growth
      2. Toenails
        1. Require 2-3 times as long to re-grow as Fingernails
    2. Arrested Nail Growth
      1. Caused by any systemic illness
      2. Results in deep transverse grooves (Beau's Lines)
  5. Definitions
    1. Anonychia
      1. Absent nails
    2. Chromonychia (see Nail Discoloration)
      1. Color changes of nails
    3. Koilonychia
      1. Spoon-shaped nails
    4. Onychodystrophy
      1. Degenerative changes of nail
    5. Onychogryposis
      1. Hypertrophic shape changes of nail
    6. Onycholysis
      1. Loosening or detachment of nail from nail bed
    7. Onychomadesis
      1. Spontaneous separation from nail matrix
    8. Onychomycosis
      1. Fungal infections of the nail
    9. Onychophagia
      1. Nail biting
    10. Onychoschizia
      1. Splitting, horizontal layering of distal nail edge
    11. Onychotillomania
      1. Compulsive pulling or picking of nails
    12. Paronychia
      1. Inflammation of skin around nails

Dystrophia unguium (C0221260)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9 703.8
English Dystrophia unguium, Dystrophic nail, Dystrophic nails, Nail dystrophy, Onychodystrophy
Spanish distrofia de unas, onicodistrofia
Parent Concepts Nail Diseases (C0027339)
Sources DXP , MTHICD9, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Onychomadesis (C0263540)

Concepts Sign or Symptom (T184)
English Complete loss of nails, Complete nail loss, NAIL LOSS, OHM - Onychomadesis, Onychomadesis, Spontaneous shedding of nail from nail matrix
Spanish defluvium unguium, onicomadesis, perdida completa de las unas
Parent Concepts Nail Diseases (C0027339)
Sources DXP , OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Onychotillomania (C0233623)

Concepts Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048)
English Neurotic picking at nails, Onychotillomania
Spanish onicotilomania, tendencia neurotica a querer arrancarse las unas
Parent Concepts Nail Biting (C0027338)
Sources OMIM , SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Structure of nail of finger (C0222001)

Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSH D009262
English Finger Nail, Fingernail, Fingernails, Nail of finger, Nail plate of finger, Structure of nail of finger
Spanish estructura de la una de un dedo de la mano, una de dedo de la mano
Parent Concepts Body part (C0229962), Nail plate (C0027342), Fingers (C0016129), Structure of nail of digit of hand (C1275973), Skin of dorsal part of finger (C0829707)
Sources HL7V2.5 , MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Lamellar nail splitting (C0263531)

Concepts Sign or Symptom (T184)
English Flaking of nails, Horizontal splitting of nail plate, Lamellar nail dystrophy, Lamellar nail splitting, Onychoschizia, Peeling of nails
Spanish desprendimiento horizontal de las capas de la una, onicosquicia, onicosquisis
Parent Concepts Dystrophia unguium (C0221260)
Sources SCTSPA , SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


ANONYCHIA (C0265998)

Concepts Congenital Abnormality (T019)
ICD9 757.5
English ANN - Anonychia, ANONYCHIA, ANONYCHIA CONGENITA, Congenital absent nails, HYPONYCHIA CONGENITA
Spanish anoniquia, ausencia congenita de unas
Parent Concepts Amelia (C0002447), Congenital anomaly of nail (C0265997), Perodactylia (C0432045)
Sources MTH , MTHICD9, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Structure of nail of toe (C0222007)

Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSH D009262
English Nail of toe, Nail plate of toe, Structure of nail of toe, Toe Nail, Toenail, Toenails
Spanish estructura de la una del dedo del pie, una del dedo del pie, una del pie
Parent Concepts Body part (C0229962), Nail plate (C0027342), Toes (C0040357), Skin of dorsal part of toe (C0829285)
Sources HL7V2.5 , LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Onychogryposis (C0263537)

Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9 703.8
English Hook nail, OG - Onychogryphosis, Onychogryphosis, Onychogryposis
Spanish onicogrifosis, una en gancho
Parent Concepts Dystrophia unguium (C0221260), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
Sources COSTAR , MTHICD9, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Eponychium (C0221994)

Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
English Eponychium
Spanish eponiquio, eponychium
Parent Concepts Nail part (C1268194), Organ component of skin (C0925982)
Sources SCTSPA , SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Structure of hyponychium (C0221998)

Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
English Hyponychium, Structure of hyponychium
Spanish estructura del hiponiquio, hiponiquio, hyponychium
Parent Concepts Nail bed structure (C0221997), Organ component of skin (C0925982)
Sources MTH , SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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