http://www.fpnotebook.com/
PsoriasisAka: Chronic Plaque Psoriasis, Guttate Psoriasis
- Epidemiology
- Onset in young adulthood between ages 30 to 40 years
- Prevalence: 1-2% of general population
- Men and women affected equally
- Pathophysiology
- Autoimmune
- Viral infection may precipitate process
- T-Cell-mediated autoimmune response
- Cytokines released and stimulate Keratinocytes
- Keratinocytes proliferate
- Epidermal cells proliferate too fast
- Cells cycle in 4 days instead of normal 3-4 weeks
- Abnormal keratin production
- Dermal inflammation
- Epidermal cells proliferate too fast
- Autoimmune
- Associated environmental factors
- Suppressed by:
- Sun and humidity
- Provocative
- Injury to skin (Koebner Reaction)
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis
- Emotional upset
- HIV Infection (severe exacerbations)
- Medications
- Antimalarials
- Beta Blockers
- Lithium
- NSAIDS
- Suppressed by:
- Symptoms
- Pruritus is present in >80% of psorisis
- Psora is greek for itching
- Pruritus is present in >80% of psorisis
- Signs: Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
- Signs: Associated findings
- Location specific signs
- Nail
- Nail Pitting
- Onycholysis
- Separation of distal edge of nail from nail bed
- Accumulation of crumbly subungual debris
- Gluteal cleft
- Eroded pinkness in crease
- Penis
- Large joints
- Hyperkeratosis over elbows, knees, and ankles
- Tongue
- Geographic Tongue (rare)
- Nail
- Uncommon Clinical Variants
- Guttate (drop-like)
- Inverse (flexural)
- Pustular
- Erythroderma
- Systemic Signs
- Psoriatic Arthritis
- Uveitis (up to 20% of Psoriatic Arthritis cases)
- Severe widespread psoriasis systemic signs
- Benign Lymphadenopathy
- Fever, chills, and Hyperthermia
- Increased cardiac demand
- High output Heart Failure
- Increased Sedimentation Rate and Uric Acid
- Decreased Serum Albumin
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Location specific signs
- Differential diagnosis
- Lichen Simplex Chronicus
- Nummular Eczema
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Tinea Corporis
- Associated Conditions (related to psoriatic medications)
- Approach: Moderate chronic Plaque psoriasis
- Trunk and extensor surface involvement
- Initial and exacerbation therapy (<4 weeks only)
- Protocol 1: Steroid and Calcipotriene
- High potency Topical Corticosteroid qAM
- Calcipotriene applied qPM
- Protocol 2: Single agent
- High potency Topical Corticosteroid or
- Calcipotriene or
- Tazorotene (Tazorac)
- Protocol 1: Steroid and Calcipotriene
- Long-term maintenance (beyond 4 weeks)
- Calcipotriene or
- Tazorotene (Tazorac)
- Initial and exacerbation therapy (<4 weeks only)
- Flexor surface involvement
- Moderate Topical Corticosteroids (<4 weeks) or
- Tacrolimus or Pimecrolimus
- Scalp involvement
- Exacerbations
- Topical Corticosteroid (brief use)
- Example: Clobetasol 0.05% shampoo
- Maintenance
- Anti-Dandruff shampoo
- Examples: T-gel or selsun
- Exacerbations
- Adjuncts
- Lac-Hydrin or salicylic acid applied daily
- Trunk and extensor surface involvement
- Approach: Severe chronic Plaque psoriasis
- Criteria
- Psoriasis refractory to above therapy
- Chronic Plaque psoriasis involving >20% of body
- Protocol usually managed by dermatology
- Use above topical agents
- See Ultraviolet light below
- See Systemic Agents below
- Criteria
- Management: Topical Preparations
- Topical Corticosteroids
- High Potency Topical Steroids (Usually indicated)
- Very high potency: e.g. Clobetasol (Temovate)
- High potency: e.g. Fluocinonide (Lidex)
- Low Potency Topical Steroids
- Face
- Genitals
- Maintenance Therapy
- High Potency Topical Steroids (Usually indicated)
- Vitamin D based topicals
- Calcipotriene (Dovonex)
- Used in combination with Topical Corticosteroids
- Retinoid based topicals
- Tazarotene (Tazorac)
- More irritating than Calcipotriene
- Immunosuppressant based topicals
- Tacrolimus 0.1% or Pimecrolimus 0.1% creams
- Effective in facial and intertriginous psoriasis
- Lebwohl (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol 51:723
- Tacrolimus 0.1% or Pimecrolimus 0.1% creams
- Adjunctive agents in combination with above
- Topical Salicylic Acid (Keratolytic Agent)
- Poorly tolerated topicals (use Calcipotriene instead)
- Historically used with UVB light exposure
- Anthralin (Anthra-Derm)
- Coal Tar (e.g. Zetar)
- Topical Corticosteroids
- Management: Ultraviolet Light
- Risk of non-Melanoma skin cancer
- Protocols
- Ultraviolet B exposure alone
- Ultraviolet A exposure with psoralen (PUVA)
- Increased risk of non-Melanoma skin cancer
- Management: Systemic agents (most are higher risk)
- Immunosuppressants
- Etretinate
- Cyclosporine
- Methotrexate (unclear efficacy)
- Biologic agents (Cost from $10k to >$20k/year)
- Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor blockers
- Other mechanisms
- Alefacept (Amevive)
- Efalizumab (Raptiva)
- Thiazolidinedione (Avandia, Actos) - experimental
- Appears effective in Psoriasis even in non-diabetics
- Only small trials support to date
- Ellis (2000) Arch Dermatol 136(5):609
- Immunosuppressants
- References
Psoriasis (C0033860) | |
|---|---|
| Definition (MSH) | A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. |
| Definition (CSP) | common polygenetically determined, chronic, squamous dermatosis characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. |
| Definition (NCI) | A chronic disease of the skin marked by red patches covered with white scales. |
| Definition (NCI) | A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. Psoriatic lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region; the pathology involves an accelerated epidermopoiesis. Psoriasis is associated with increased risk for melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. --2004 |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D011565 |
| Basque | ARTROPATIADUN EDO GABEKO SORIASIA |
| Danish | Psoriasis |
| Dutch | Psoriasis |
| English | Psoriases, Psoriasis, Psoriasis unspecified |
| Finnish | PSORIASIS |
| French | Psoriasis |
| German | Psoriasis |
| Hebrew | psoriazis |
| Hungarian | psoriasis |
| Italian | Psoriasi |
| Norwegian | PSORIASIS MED/UTEN ARTROPATI |
| Portuguese | Psoriase |
| Spanish | Psoriasis, psoriasis no especificada, soriasis |
| Swedish | PSORIASIS |
| Parent Concepts | Dermatitis (C0011603), skin disorder (C0037274), Hypertrophic disorder of skin, unspecified (C0263630), ECZEMETOUS ABNORMALITIES (C0549659), Diagnosis/Diseases Component (C0497531), Skin (C1123023), Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous (C0162818), Other psoriasis (C0477485), Acquired disorder of keratinization (C1302732), Cutaneous hypersensitivity (C0585186), Duplicate concept (C1274013), Cell-mediated cytotoxic disorder (C1960691) |
| Sources | AOD, COSTAR, CSP, CST, DXP, ICPC, ICPCBAQ, ICPCDAN, ICPCDUT, ICPCFIN, ICPCFRE, ICPCGER, ICPCHEB, ICPCHUN, ICPCITA, ICPCNOR, ICPCPOR, ICPCSPA, ICPCSWE, LCH, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Guttate psoriasis (C0343052) | |
|---|---|
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| English | Guttate psoriasis, Psoriasis guttata |
| Spanish | psoriasis en gotas, psoriasis guttata, soriasis en gotas, soriasis guttata |
| Parent Concepts | Psoriasis (C0033860), Maculopapular eruption (C0423791) |
| Sources | SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |