Dermatology Book

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FingernailAka: Toenail, Onychogryposis, Onychomadesis, Onychoschizia, Onychotillomania, Nail Growth, Hyponychium, Eponychium, Cuticle, Anonychia, Onychodystrophy

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  1. See Also
    1. Nail Abnormality
    2. Nail-Related Growths
  2. Anatomy
    1. Images
      1. DermNailAnatomy.jpg
    2. Germinal matrix
      1. Root of the nail
      2. Forms nail plate from base of nail bed
      3. Distal matrix produces deeper nail plate
      4. Proximal matrix produces superficial nail plate
    3. Eponychium
      1. Skin just proximal to cuticle
      2. Dorsal fold at proximal surface of nail
    4. Paronychial edge or Perionychium
      1. Lateral borders of nail
      2. Site of hangnails and Paronychia
    5. Hyponychium
      1. Area beneath free edge of nail
      2. Junction where nail bed meets tip of digit skin
    6. Nail Plate
      1. Hard and translucent
      2. Composed of dead keratin
      3. Surrounded by perionychium
    7. Nail Bed (Sterile Matrix)
      1. Adheres to underside nail with squamous epithelium
      2. Makes nail plate thicker and stronger
      3. Contains blood vessels and nerves
  3. Physiology: General
    1. Nail is keratinized squamous cells
    2. Forms protective plate
    3. Enhances fingertip sensation
      1. Nail acts as counterforce to fingertip
      2. Two Point Discrimination decreased when nail absent
  4. Physiology: Nail Growth
    1. Normal Nail Growth
      1. Fingernails
        1. Grow 3 mm per month
        2. Require 6 months for complete re-growth
      2. Toenails
        1. Require 2-3 times as long to re-grow as fingernails
    2. Arrested Nail Growth
      1. Caused by any systemic illness
      2. Results in deep transverse grooves (Beau's Lines)
  5. Definitions
    1. Anonychia
      1. Absent nails
    2. Chromonychia (see Nail Discoloration)
      1. Color changes of nails
    3. Koilonychia
      1. Spoon-shaped nails
    4. Onychodystrophy
      1. Degenerative changes of nail
    5. Onychogryposis
      1. Hypertrophic shape changes of nail
    6. Onycholysis
      1. Loosening or detachment of nail from nail bed
    7. Onychomadesis
      1. Spontaneous separation from nail matrix
    8. Onychomycosis
      1. Fungal infections of the nail
    9. Onychophagia
      1. Nail biting
    10. Onychoschizia
      1. Splitting, horizontal layering of distal nail edge
    11. Onychotillomania
      1. Compulsive pulling or picking of nails
    12. Paronychia
      1. Inflammation of skin around nails

Dystrophia unguium (C0221260)

ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9703.8
EnglishDystrophia unguium, Dystrophic nail, Dystrophic nails, Nail dystrophy, Onychodystrophy
Spanishdistrofia de unas, onicodistrofia
Parent ConceptsNail Diseases (C0027339)
SourcesDXP, MTHICD9, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Eponychium (C0221994)

ConceptsBody Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
EnglishEponychium
Spanisheponiquio, eponychium
Parent ConceptsNail part (C1268194), Organ component of skin (C0925982)
SourcesSCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Structure of hyponychium (C0221998)

ConceptsBody Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
EnglishHyponychium, Structure of hyponychium
Spanishestructura del hiponiquio, hiponiquio, hyponychium
Parent ConceptsNail bed structure (C0221997), Organ component of skin (C0925982)
SourcesMTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Structure of nail of finger (C0222001)

ConceptsBody Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSHD009262
EnglishFinger Nail, Fingernail, Fingernails, Nail of finger, Nail plate of finger, Structure of nail of finger
Spanishestructura de la una de un dedo de la mano, una de dedo de la mano
Parent ConceptsBody part (C0229962), Nail plate (C0027342), Fingers (C0016129), Structure of nail of digit of hand (C1275973), Skin of dorsal part of finger (C0829707)
SourcesHL7V2.5, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Structure of nail of toe (C0222007)

ConceptsBody Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSHD009262
EnglishNail of toe, Nail plate of toe, Structure of nail of toe, Toe Nail, Toenail, Toenails
Spanishestructura de la una del dedo del pie, una del dedo del pie, una del pie
Parent ConceptsBody part (C0229962), Nail plate (C0027342), Toes (C0040357), Skin of dorsal part of toe (C0829285)
SourcesHL7V2.5, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Onychotillomania (C0233623)

ConceptsMental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048)
EnglishNeurotic picking at nails, Onychotillomania
Spanishonicotilomania, tendencia neurotica a querer arrancarse las unas
Parent ConceptsNail Biting (C0027338)
SourcesOMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Lamellar nail splitting (C0263531)

ConceptsSign or Symptom (T184)
EnglishFlaking of nails, Horizontal splitting of nail plate, Lamellar nail dystrophy, Lamellar nail splitting, Onychoschizia, Peeling of nails
Spanishdesprendimiento horizontal de las capas de la una, onicosquicia, onicosquisis
Parent ConceptsDystrophia unguium (C0221260)
SourcesSCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Onychogryposis (C0263537)

ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9703.8
EnglishHook nail, OG - Onychogryphosis, Onychogryphosis, Onychogryposis
Spanishonicogrifosis, una en gancho
Parent ConceptsDystrophia unguium (C0221260), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesCOSTAR, MTHICD9, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Onychomadesis (C0263540)

ConceptsSign or Symptom (T184)
EnglishComplete loss of nails, Complete nail loss, NAIL LOSS, OHM - Onychomadesis, Onychomadesis, Spontaneous shedding of nail from nail matrix
Spanishdefluvium unguium, onicomadesis, perdida completa de las unas
Parent ConceptsNail Diseases (C0027339)
SourcesDXP, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


ANONYCHIA (C0265998)

ConceptsCongenital Abnormality (T019)
ICD9757.5
EnglishANN - Anonychia, ANONYCHIA, ANONYCHIA CONGENITA, Congenital absent nails, HYPONYCHIA CONGENITA
Spanishanoniquia, ausencia congenita de unas
Parent ConceptsAmelia (C0002447), Congenital anomaly of nail (C0265997), Perodactylia (C0432045)
SourcesMTH, MTHICD9, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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