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GingivaAka: Periodontium

See Also
1. Oral Exam
Definition
1. Gingiva (gums) abuts tooth neck
Preparation
1. Patient closes teeth
2. Retract cheeks and lips
Normal Gingival Findings
1. Gingiva color is pink/pale red and stippled
2. Sharp interdental papilla
3. Shallow (1-2mm) crevices between gums and teeth
4. Teeth seat firmly in bony sockets
Abnormal Gingival Findings
1. Gingivitis (Plaque, calculus, food accretion)
2. Periodontitis (Pyorrhea)
3. Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
4. Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
5. Gingival Hyperplasia or Enlargement
6. Epulis (Localized gingival enlargement)
  1. Most often caused by inflammation
  2. Rule out neoplasia
7. Gingival Erosions, bullae, atrophy, erythema
  1. Causes: autoimmune, mucocutaneous, and benign disease
  2. Biopsy if etiology not clear
8. Lead or Bismuth Line
  1. Bluish or Black Line on gums 1mm above gum margin
  2. Seen in Chronic Lead or Bismuth poisoning
  3. Does not appear where teeth are absent
  4. Distinguish from Melanin pigmentation
9. Melanin Pigmentation (over tooth margin)
  1. Common brownish pigmentation normal in dark skin
  2. May also be seen in Melanism

Gingival Diseases (C0017563)
Definition (CSP)	condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the gums or gingiva.
Concepts	Disease or Syndrome (T047)
English	gingiva disorder, GINGIVAL DIS, Gingival Disease, Gingival Diseases, Gingival disorder, Gum disease
Spanish	enfermedad de las encÃas, enfermedad de las encias, enfermedad gingival, trastorno gingival
Credits	Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Periodontium (C0031104)
Definition (CSP)	tissues surrounding a tooth.
Concepts	Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
English	Paradentium, Paradentiums, Periodontal tissues, Periodontal tissues structure, Periodontium, Periodontiums, Tooth Supporting Structure, Tooth Supporting Structures
Spanish	estructura de los tejidos periodontales, tejidos periodontales
Credits	Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)