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HypertensionAka: Htn, Essential Hypertension
- See Also
- Hypertension in Children
- Hypertension in Infants
- Hypertension in Pregnancy
- Hypertension in Athletes
- Hypertension in the Elderly
- Epidemiology
- Demographics
- White Adults in US: 20% are hypertensive
- Black Adults in US: 30% are hypertensive
- Of all hypertensives, >50% are over age 65 years
- Outcomes
- Best predictor to outcome varies by age
- Diastolic Blood Pressure best predictor <50 years
- SBP and DBP predict outcomes equally ages 50-59
- Pulse Pressure best predictor age >60 years
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Hypertension Causes 35-45% morbidity and mortality
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Relative Risk increases 1.84 for each 10 mmHg DBP
- Midlife Hypertension raises longterm CVA risk
- Seshadri (2001) Arch Intern Med 161:2343
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Increased SBP in middle age is predisposing factor
- Reference
- (1995) Lancet 346(8991):1647
- Kivipelto (2001) BMJ 322:1447
- Hypertension Definition
- See Hypertension Criteria
- Types
- Essential Hypertension (Primary Hypertension)
- Stage 1-2 (DBP 90-104) in 80% of cases
- Accelerated Malignant Hypertension
- Recent substantial Blood Pressure increase
- Associated with retinal vessel damage
- Retinal Hemorrhages
- Retinal exudates
- Papilledema
- Diastolic Blood Pressure over 140
- Isolated Systolic Hypertension
- Systolic Blood Pressure: >160 mmHg
- Diastolic Blood Pressure: <90 mmHg
- Risks
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Onset: 5th decade
- Affects 11% of those over age 75 years
- Results from progressive fall in vessel compliance
- Causes of secondary Hypertension
- See Hypertension Causes
- Diagnosis
- See Hypertension Criteria
- Hypertension Evaluation
- Hypertension Evaluation History
- Hypertension Evaluation Exam
- Hypertension Evaluation Labs
- Management
- See Hypertension Management
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