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Diastolic DysfunctionAka: Diastolic Heart Failure
- See Also
- Definition
- Hypertrophic heart with impaired relaxation
- Stiff, less compliant left ventricle
- Heart meets metabolic needs
- But cost is a higher diastolic pressure
- Transmits pressures to lung vasculature
- Results in pulmonary congestion
- Ultimately leads to right-sided Heart Failure
- Hypertrophic heart with impaired relaxation
- Epidemiology
- Incidence increases with age (over 55 years)
- More common in elderly women
- Responsible for 30-40% of Congestive Heart Failure
- More common in black patients
- Causes
- See Heart Failure Causes
- Common causes
- Other causes
- Cardiomyopathy (e.g. Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis)
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Glycogen Storage Disease
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
- Hemochromatosis
- Constrictive Pericarditis or Pericardial Effusion
- Valvular disease
- Exacerbating Factors
- Tachycardia
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Increased ventricular load (volume overload)
- Exercise
- Increased salt intake
- NSAIDs
- Hyperthyroidism
- Infection or fever
- Anemia
- Symptoms
- Signs
- Symptoms and signs overlap with Systolic Dysfunction
- Establish Congestive Heart Failure diagnosis clinically
- Evaluate for Systolic Dysfunction
- Rule out other causes
- Significant valvular disease
- Pericardial disease
- Inducible Myocardial Ischemia
- Document elevated left ventricle end diastolic pressure
- Often impractical to perform
- Labs
- B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
- Does not distinguish from Systolic Dysfunction
- B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
- Diagnostic Studies
- Echocardiogram
- See Echocardiogram in Congestive Heart Failure
- Ejection Fraction >50%
- E-A Wave Ratio abnormal
- E Wave: Peak velocity diastolic mitral valve flow
- A Wave: Atrial contraction
- Interpretation
- Normal E-A Ratio: 1.5
- Early diastolic dysfunction: E-A Ratio <1
- Moderate diastolic dysfunction: E-A=1.5
- Severe diastolic dysfunction: E-A Ratio >2
- Measurement of Tau abnormal
- Coronary Angiography
- Indicated if Angina or ischemia on other testing
- Echocardiogram
- Management
- Aggressively manage Coronary Risk Factors
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidemia
- Obesity
- Tobacco Abuse
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Encourage Exercise
- Reduce exacerbating factors
- Control Myocardial Ischemia
- Maintain sinus rhythm and prevent tachycardia
- Preferred medications in diastolic dysfunction
- Beta Blockers
- Maximizes diastolic filling
- Decreases pulse, Coronary Artery Disease, LVH
- ACE Inhibitor (or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker)
- Improves myocardial relaxation and compliance
- Lowers preload and afterload
- Diuretics
- Decrease Dyspnea and acute exacerbations
- Risk of hypotension, Prerenal Failure
- Beta Blockers
- Meds with uncertain efficacy in diastolic dysfunction
- Medications to use with caution
- Nondihydropyrimidine Calcium Channel Blockers
- Example: Verapamil
- Improves diastolic function overall
- Avoid in Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- No survival benefit in diastolic dysfunction
- Dihydropyramidine Calcium Channel Blockers
- Example: Amlodipine
- Indications: Heart Rate control, Angina
- No survival benefit in diastolic dysfunction
- Limit use to when Beta Blocker is contraindicated
- Vasodilators (Nitrates, Hydralazine)
- Indications: Preload reduction and Angina
- No survival benefit in diastolic dysfunction
- Limit use to when ACE Inhibitor is contraindicated
- Nondihydropyrimidine Calcium Channel Blockers
- Medications to avoid
- Avoid Digoxin except in Atrial Fibrillation
- Aggressively manage Coronary Risk Factors
- Prevention
- Control Cardiac Risk Factors
- References
Diastolic dysfunction (C0520863) | |
|---|---|
| Concepts | Pathologic Function (T046) |
| English | Diastolic dysfunction |
| Spanish | disfunción diastólica, disfuncion diastolica |
| Credits | Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
